An Introduction to the Study of the History of Physics Among the Arabs

Abstract

The research aimed to provide an introduction to the study of the history of physics among Arabs, by shedding light on the most important concepts and means of clarification through the writings of Arab scientists. The inductive-descriptive approach was adopted and the research was presented into five sections; first: theoretical concepts such as light and sound, second: applications of physics in the manufacture of machines and utensils, third: states of matter, fourth: laws of motion, fifth: means of clarification and a conclusion including the most important results.   The most important results are that: Ancient Arab scientists made a clear contribution to the field of physics, whether at the level of theory or at the level of practical application. It is necessary to point out the role of Arabs in this science while teaching physics in educational and research institutions. The research aimed to highlight the contributions of ancient Arabs to dentistry. The historical-inductive approach was adopted and the research was divided into four sections; the first: Treating diseases of the teeth and gums, the second: Orthodontics and returning them to their natural status, the third: Alternatives for damaged teeth, the fourth: Knowledge of methods of anesthesia, pain relief and tools for extraction and anesthesia. The most important results: The Arab contributions to dentistry represented important contributions to the history of medicine because they are characterized by a practical aspect far from the primitive methods that prevailed in Europe. It is necessary to pay attention to the contributions of Arabs to dentistry because they are part of our Arab-Islamic civilization.