Room, Ishmam, and Ikhtelas with the Seven Reciters

Abstract

This paper aimed to show the meaning(s) of room, ishmam, and ikhtelas linguistically and procedurally, their uses and distinguished characteristics in the Holy Quran, and the extent of being common with the seven reciters. This research was ranged into an introduction, three sections, and a conclusion. Section I discussed the room including its linguistic and procedural definitions, position, rule in haa of feminine and meem of plural, sudden cases, and its rule in the pronoun haa ; Section II discussed ishmam including its linguistic and procedural definitions, positions, types with reciters,  reasons, and uses; and Section III discussed ikhtelas including its linguistic and procedural definitions, relationship with the room, and words that show ikhtelas in the Holy Quran. The study introduced a number of conclusions; the most important ones are: all room, ishmam, and ikhtelas were phonetic phenomena and technical cases by which the language of the Holy Quran only was distinguished; Quranic qerat (reading modes) were the only linguistic art that kept all Arabs' various dialects which in turn reflected the dominant linguistic situation in the Arabia; and Imam Hamzah' qerat (reading mode) was characterised with ishmam with some letters while that of Imam Abi Amr Al-Basri was characterised with light reading for most of letters.