Diplomatic Relations of Umayyad Sate in Andalusia (138 – 897 AH/ 755 - 1491)

Abstract

This study aimed to root the Islamic-Arab diplomatic system, the period under study,  to enrich self-culture with the civilized heritage, and show the antiquity of this system as being an alive indication of a living state of the Islamic-Arab civilization and its acceptability for development for serving humanity along ages. Accordingly, the paper was ranged into three topics, namely specifications of ambassador or envoy, purposes of embassy, and forms of Andalusian  diplomacy. The paper concluded that the historical culture was important for ordinary people and more important for diplomatic ones; the under-study period of diplomatic representation involved all events required by diplomatic works; and the Islamic-Arab diplomatic examples in the Islamic west showed clearly the level of higher civilization of our Islamic-Arab civilization in Andalusia.