The Perspectives of Scholars and Modern Scholars in Studying Arabic Sentence Structure in Light of the Linguistic Communication Process and Types of Arabic Discourse.

Abstract

#This research aims to study the sentence structure in the past and the present, aiming to answer the question: Where does the role of the student and researcher begin in studying Arabic sentence structure, and where does it end? Does it start from the structure to reach the meaning, or from the meaning to reach the structure? What is the purpose sought by the speaker, the listener, and the researcher behind the production of sentences and the accomplishment of speech? Answering these questions required dividing the research into five chapters preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion that included the most important research findings, including: presenting a new conception in the methodology of the researcher's role in studying Arabic sentence structure, which is studying sentence structure from meaning to meaning, as the ultimate goal sought by the speaker, the listener, and the researcher behind the production of sentences and the accomplishment of speech. It also concluded that the study of Arabic sentence structure in Arabic grammar has gone through two stages: the first is descriptive (theoretical), and the second is normative (practical). The theory of function and declension in the study of Arabic sentence structure by grammarians corresponds to the theory of intonation and systems by Abdul Qahir Al-Jurjani. It was also found that declension has become synonymous with grammar, and the theory of function among ancient grammarians is nothing but declension. The function represents one of the final stages in the development of transformational theory according to Chomsky, and this stage is referred to as "the function-operator approach," represented by the terms "agent" and "operator." Therefore, it is necessary to call for the interpretation of the function that grammarians have overlooked in providing a precise and clear explanation, rather than its elimination, because advocating for its elimination means eliminating declension, which is a characteristic of the Arabic language preserved in the Noble Qur'an. Tables and diagrams illustrating all the chapters were also provided.